Fig. 4

B. longum_MG723 and B. bifidum_MG731 improve hepatic steatosis and metabolic markers in HFD-induced obesity. a Wet weights of the liver in HFD-fed mice treated with vehicle, B. longum_MG723 or B. bifidum_MG731 for 10 weeks (n = 5 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. b Levels of hepatic triglycerides (TG) (n = 5 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. c Representative liver histological section images. Scale bar, 100 μm. d Hepatic gene expression profile (n = 5 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. e Glucose tolerance test (n = 5 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison. Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. f Fasting glucose level (n=5 per group). g Fasting serum insulin level (n = 5 per group). h Serum cholesterol level (n = 5 per group). i Serum leptin level (n = 5 per group). The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison (f–i). Data expressed as mean ± S.E.M. j Serum metabolite concentrations measured by metabolomics analysis (n = 5 per group); POL, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-linoleoyl-rac-glycerol. For all graphs, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001