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Fig. 3 | Microbiome

Fig. 3

From: Estrogen receptor β deficiency impairs gut microbiota: a possible mechanism of IBD-induced anxiety-like behavior

Fig. 3

ERβ deficiency aggravated the development of DSS-induced colitis. A, B Time evolution of DSS-induced colitis in WT and ERβ/ mice. Heavy line: 5-day period of DSS administration. Rectal bleeding score (A) and diarrhea score (B) were evaluated. n = 9/group. C Mice were sacrificed on day 5 after DSS treatment to measure the colon length. n = 9/group. D Histology of distal colon tissues collected at day 5 was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Alcian Blue Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. E Composite score of histopathology (inflammation, ulceration, and crypt damage scores). n = 9/group. F Infiltrated macrophages (F4/80+) in the colon stained by immunofluorescence. G Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines (Tnfα, Il1b, Il6, Il17s, Cxcl1, and Ifng) in whole colon tissues. Scale bars in D and F = 100 μm. n = 8/group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001

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