Fig. 4

RhCMV subverts relationships between immune-cell subsets and gut bacteria. A Significant associations between immune cells and gut bacterial abundance that were changed by RhCMV infection, as indicated by a significant interaction term in regression. The significance of interaction term was indicated by different sizes (largest have P < 0.05, medium have 0.05 ≤ P < 0.1, smallest have P ≥ 0.1). Top panels show significant bacterial-immune correlations within RhCMV− animals only; middle panels show significant bacterial-immune correlations within RhCMV+ animals only; bottom panels show significant bacterial-immune correlations in both RhCMV+ and RhCMV− animals. Red signifies negative correlations, while blue signifies positive correlations. ^aGram-positive and ^bgram-negative bacterial genera known to produce SCFA. B Significant correlations between Treg (CD25⁺CD127^lo CD4⁺ T cells) or Th17 (IL17⁺ CD4⁺ T cells) and known SCFA producers Bulleidia, Dialister, Oribacterium, and Faecalibacterium in RhCMV− animals but not RhCMV+ animals, also shown in the top panel of Fig. 4A. C Significant immune correlations detected in both RhCMV− and RhCMV+ animals with Oribacterium, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium, also shown in the bottom panel of Fig. 4A