Fig. 1
From: Selected commensals educate the intestinal vascular and immune system for immunocompetence
Commensals induce C. rodentium elimination by enhancing colonic neutrophil recruitment. A Course of C. rodentium infection in GF and SPF. B Kinetic of virulence gene expression in C. rodentium. C CFUs of C. rodentium in GF or SPF mice cohoused with C. rodentium-carrier mice. D Fecal CFUs in indicated mice after infection with C. rodentium. E Schema for identification of facultative anaerobic bacteria from the fecal microbiota of SPF mice. F C. rodentium-infected SPF mice were treated i.p. with neutrophil-depleting antibodies at indicated time points (arrows), and fecal CFUs were quantified. G Absolute cell number (ACN) of infiltrating neutrophils into the colon of mice at days 8 and 10 p.i. H Neutrophil frequencies in the colonic intraepithelial compartment at days 8 and 10 p.i. Animals were orally infected with (109 CFU/ml) C. rodentium. Data shown are mean ± SD of 2–3 independent experiments; each symbol represents the individual value for one mouse (D and E). One-way ANOVA was used: ****p < 0.0001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05; ns, not significant