Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the experimental design. Top left panel: image of a S. oryzae 4th instar larva along with a schematic section. Top left panels: symbiotic and aposymbiotic S. oryzae fourth instar larvae were extracted from grains and dorsally injected with 0.2 mM PBS and 0.2 mM TCT at the level of the hemolymph. Other larvae were extracted from grains but not injected (naïve). Bacteriomes and carcasses were sampled from PBS/TCT-injected or naïve symbiotic larvae alongside whole aposymbiotic larvae. Bottom panel: dual RNA-seq was performed to detect insect, and bacterial expression profiles were performed on bacteriomes and carcasses of symbiotic weevils (PBS, TCT, and naïve samples). RT-qPCR experiments were performed on TCT- and PBS-treated bacteriomes/carcasses from symbiotic weevils as well as whole larvae from aposymbiotic weevils, to detect bacteriome-specific and/or symbiont-dependent transcriptomic changes