Fig. 1

Sample collection and probiotic exposure of preterm infants. Timelines from birth to final sample collection for all infants are included in this study. The duration of exposure to probiotics (lavender bar) and timing of sample collection in relation to postmenstrual age in weeks are shown for non-probiotic-supplemented (NS), probiotic-supplemented (PS) preterm infants, and full-term (FT) infants