Fig. 1
A Sediment samples (top 0–2 cm) were collected in Baltic Sea during May–June 2019. The map shows the sampled 59 stations as colored dots according to their specific region (grouped by spatial location; Table 1). The light brown–blue color gradient on the right y-axis shows the water depth (m). Dead zone regions are defined by having hypoxic bottom water (< 2 mg/L O2) and are colored in brown and black. B NMDS showing the beta diversity of the functional genes based on sequenced reads for each station. The figure shows the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity based on KEGG KO identifier read counts normalized as counts per million (CPM) values. The stations are clustered into regions and shown in different colors according to the map and Table 1. C NMDS showing the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis) of 46 high quality (≥ 95% genome completeness and ≤ 5% contamination) metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) for each station. The data is based on the % metagenome mapped reads to the genes in each MAG for each sample. The PERMANOVA results are based on testing all regions together and shows the pseudo-F values