Fig. 2

Performance of differential abundance analysis methods under the balanced change setting for a stool and b vaginal data and unbalanced change setting for c stool and d vaginal data (sample size = 100, taxa number = 500). Performance is assessed by the observed false discovery rate (FDR) level and average true positive rate (TPR). The color of the bar indicates the FDR control performance. The blue color indicates that the method controls the FDR at the 5% target level (the 95% confidence interval covers 5%). Yellow, red, and gray colors indicate the observed FDR level in (0.05–0.1), (0.1, 0.2), and (0.2, 1), respectively. The length of the bar is proportional to the TPR, and the actual TPR is shown in the bar. FDR and TPR ranks are based on the average FDR and TPR score across signal densities and differential modes. The order of the method is arranged based on the sum of the FDR and TPR ranks