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Fig. 3 | Microbiome

Fig. 3

From: Gardnerella vaginalis alters cervicovaginal epithelial cell function through microbe-specific immune responses

Fig. 3

Live G. vaginalis activates the host-epithelial immune response, while bacteria-free supernatants alter immune activation in a nonbacterial-specific manner. Immune cytokines/chemokines released from ectocervical, endocervical, and vaginal cells after exposure to live L. crispatus and G. vaginalis (A) or their bacteria-free supernatants (B) for 24 h were measured by Luminex. Heat map depicts fold change (vs NTC for live bacteria or vs NYC for bacteria-free supernatants) by color and p-value by asterisks. p-value is based on pg/ml values. Representative graphs of cytokines (pg/mL) showing significant differences between L. crispatus and G. vaginalis exposure for both live bacteria (C) and bacteria-free supernatants (D) show epithelial cell-specific responses. Values are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001

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