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Table 3 Distribution of gene encoding for metabolism of starch and sucrose in the metagenome of eight spontaneous sourdoughs. The expressed genes, evaluated through meta-tascriptomic analyses, have been marked by double asterisk

From: Metabolic framework of spontaneous and synthetic sourdough metacommunities to reveal microbial players responsible for resilience and performance

 

Genes

Dominant

Sub-dominant

Fru. sanfranciscensis

Lim. fermentum

Lac. plantarum

Leu. citreum

Wes. confusa

Sac. cerevisiae

Pic. kudriavzevii

Lac. paracasei

Lev. brevis

Lat. curvatus

Fur. rossiae

CORE GENES

1,3-beta-glucan synthase [EC:2.4.1.34]

     

**

**

    

6-phospho-beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.86]

  

**

**

*

  

*

*

*

 

alpha-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.20]

**

 

**

 

**

  

*

**

*

*

alpha,alpha-trehalase [EC:3.2.1.28]

  

*

  

**

**

    

beta-fructofuranosidase [EC:3.2.1.26]

 

**

**

**

**

**

 

*

   

beta-phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.6]

**

**

**

**

**

   

**

*

**

dextransucrase [EC:2.4.1.5]

**

**

 

**

**

      

fructokinase [EC:2.7.1.4]

**

**

**

**

*

    

*

*

glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.58]

     

**

**

    

glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.2]

**

**

**

**

**

  

*

**

*

*

glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9]

**

**

*

**

 

**

**

   

*

glycogen debranching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.25 3.2.1.33]

     

**

**

    

glycogen phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.1]

  

**

 

*

**

**

*

   

glycogen synthase [EC:2.4.1.11]

     

**

**

    

hexokinase [EC:2.7.1.1]

     

**

**

    

maltose phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.8]

**

**

**

**

**

  

*

**

**

**

oligo-1,6-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.10]

*

**

**

**

 

**

 

*

*

 

*

phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.2]

**

**

**

*

*

**

**

 

**

  

PTS system, cellobiose-specific IIA component [EC:2.7.1.196 2.7.1.205]

  

**

**

*

  

*

 

*

 

PTS system, cellobiose-specific IIB component [EC:2.7.1.196 2.7.1.205]

  

**

**

*

   

*

  

PTS system, cellobiose-specific IIC component

 

**

**

**

**

  

*

**

*

**

trehalose 6-phosphate synthase [EC:2.4.1.15 2.4.1.347]

     

**

**

    

trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase [EC:3.2.1.93]

*

 

**

*

     

*

 

UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.9]

**

**

*

*

 

**

**

 

*

 

**

ACCESSORY GENES

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.18]

  

**

  

**

     

2,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.18]

       

*

   

3,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.18]

    

*

      

alpha-amylase [EC:3.2.1.1]

  

**

        

alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.64]

  

**

     

**

 

**

beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.21]

    

*

  

*

**

*

*

cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) [EC:2.4.1.12]

*

 

**

**

      

*

cyclomaltodextrinase / maltogenic alpha-amylase / neopullulanase [EC:3.2.1.54 3.2.1.133 3.2.1.135]

  

**

 

**

  

*

 

*

 

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1/3 [EC:3.1.4.1 3.6.1.9]

     

**

     

endoglucanase [EC:3.2.1.4]

     

**

  

*

  

glucoamylase [EC:3.2.1.3]

     

**

     

glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.27]

  

**

 

*

      

inulosucrase [EC:2.4.1.9]

*

          

maltose-6'-phosphate glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.122]

 

*

**

        

PTS system, sugar-specific IIA component [EC:2.7.1.-]

  

**

      

*

 

starch synthase [EC:2.4.1.21]

  

**

 

*

      

sucrose phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.7]

 

*

 

*

       

trehalose 6-phosphate synthase complex regulatory subunit

     

**

**

    

trehalose 6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase [EC:2.4.1.15 3.1.3.12]

     

**

**

    
 

Genes

Sub-dominant

Satellites

Lim. reuteri

Lac. sakey

Lac. rhamnosus

Ped. pentosaceus

Ped. parvulus

Leu. mesenteroides

Leu. pseudomesenteroides

Leu. sp

Lac.lactis

Erw. persicina

CORE GENES

1,3-beta-glucan synthase [EC:2.4.1.34]

          

6-phospho-beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.86]

   

**

*

*

*

   

alpha-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.20]

  

*

 

*

     

alpha,alpha-trehalase [EC:3.2.1.28]

          

beta-fructofuranosidase [EC:3.2.1.26]

     

*

**

   

beta-phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.6]

   

**

 

*

    

dextransucrase [EC:2.4.1.5]

*

    

*

*

   

fructokinase [EC:2.7.1.4]

 

*

 

**

      

glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.58]

     

*

 

**

  

glucokinase [EC:2.7.1.2]

   

**

*

*

  

*

 

glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.9]

   

*

      

glycogen debranching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.25 3.2.1.33]

          

glycogen phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.1]

  

*

       

glycogen synthase [EC:2.4.1.11]

          

hexokinase [EC:2.7.1.1]

          

maltose phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.8]

   

**

*

*

    

oligo-1,6-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.10]

    

*

*

**

   

phosphoglucomutase [EC:5.4.2.2]

   

**

*

*

    

PTS system, cellobiose-specific IIA component [EC:2.7.1.196 2.7.1.205]

   

**

 

*

    

PTS system, cellobiose-specific IIB component [EC:2.7.1.196 2.7.1.205]

   

**

 

*

    

PTS system, cellobiose-specific IIC component

   

**

*

*

*

 

*

 

trehalose 6-phosphate synthase [EC:2.4.1.15 2.4.1.347]

          

trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase [EC:3.2.1.93]

   

**

*

*

    

UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.9]

   

*

      

ACCESSORY GENES

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.18]

          

2,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.18]

          

3,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme [EC:2.4.1.18]

          

alpha-amylase [EC:3.2.1.1]

    

*

     

alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.64]

          

beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.21]

     

*

**

   

cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) [EC:2.4.1.12]

   

**

 

*

   

*

cyclomaltodextrinase / maltogenic alpha-amylase / neopullulanase [EC:3.2.1.54 3.2.1.133 3.2.1.135]

        

*

 

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1/3 [EC:3.1.4.1 3.6.1.9]

          

endoglucanase [EC:3.2.1.4]

     

*

    

glucoamylase [EC:3.2.1.3]

          

glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase [EC:2.7.7.27]

          

inulosucrase [EC:2.4.1.9]

     

*

    

maltose-6'-phosphate glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.122]

          

PTS system, sugar-specific IIA component [EC:2.7.1.-]

   

*

*

     

starch synthase [EC:2.4.1.21]

          

sucrose phosphorylase [EC:2.4.1.7]

     

*

    

trehalose 6-phosphate synthase complex regulatory subunit

          

trehalose 6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase [EC:2.4.1.15 3.1.3.12]

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