Fig. 4

Metagenomic analysis of changes in soil and gut microbial communities during saponin degradation. TE, TM, and TL refer to tea saponin treated soil for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h respectively. CE, CM, and CL substituted tea saponin feed for larvae for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. a Changes in soil microbiome composition after treated with tea saponin over 72 h. b Changes in weevil gut microbiome composition after treated with tea saponin over 72 h. Red lines show positive correlations and green lines indicate negative correlations. The area of the circle represents the degree, which is calculated according to bacterial abundances. Only correlations with R > 0.6 or < − 0.6 and p < 0.05 were included in the networks. The sizes of the nodes are proportional to the number of connections (i.e., the degree). c, d Bacterial alpha-diversity values of soil and gut microbiome communities during tea saponin degradation