Fig. 3

Mice colonized with UC patient-derived fecal bacteria exhibit increased inflammation during experimental colitis. Data shown is from experiment “A.” A Representative contour plots and B mean frequency and absolute number of colonic inflammatory monocytes (CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺Ly6G⁻) at day 10 post-DSS administration. C Representative contour plots and D mean frequency and absolute number of colonic neutrophils (CD11b⁺Ly6C⁻Ly6G⁺) at day 10 post-DSS administration. E Mean TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production from colon tissue explants at day 10 post-DSS administration. F Representative H&E staining of paraffin-embedded cross colon sections at day 10 post-DSS administration (scale bars are 100μm). Asterisk (*) indicates area of cellular infiltration; number sign (#) indicates area of distorted crypt architecture; black arrow indicates the area of bleeding. Data were analyzed using a two-tailed unpaired parametric t test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). G–I 16S rRNA gene sequencing of HMA mouse fecal bacteria. G PCoA on weighted UniFrac distances. H, I Mean relative abundance of Akkermansia sp. (H) and Escherichia-Shigella sp. (I) over time in HMA mice. Species were confirmed to be differentially abundant using ANCOM II. Error bars, SE. B, D, E Error bars, SD. Data shown from one experiment. Dots in B, D, and E represent individual mice (n=8 healthy-HMA mice, n=12 UC-HMA mice). Dots in G, H, and I indicate pooled mouse fecal samples at a single sampling point. At each sampling point, mouse fecal samples in each cage were pooled from 1 or 2 mice (n=6 cages per group, 1 or 2 mice per cage)