Fig. 10

SCFA supplementation mitigates neuroinflammation and promotes neuronal survival in the hippocampus post BCCAO. A, B Representative immunofluorescence images showing Iba-1+ cells in the hippocampus at day 14 post BCCAO (A) and the quantification analysis (B) (n = 6/group). Scale bar, 50 μm. C, D mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the hippocampus at day 14 post BCCAO (n = 5/group). E Protein levels of CD16 and NF-κB and their quantification in the hippocampus at day 14 post BCCAO (band intensity normalized to β-actin) (n = 6/group). F, G Representative immunofluorescence images (F) and mean fluorescence intensity (G) of hippocampal neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG in the different groups. (n = 6/group). Scale bar, 50 μm. H–K Western blot analysis for protein levels of caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bcl2, Bax, Bcl-XL, Erk, and pErk and their quantification (band intensity normalized to β-actin or COXIV) in the hippocampus (n = 6/group). The data represent the mean ± SEM. p < 0.05 was set as the threshold for significance. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to S+NaCl group. ^&&p < 0.01 compared to the S+SCFA group. ⁺p < 0.05 compared to the B+NaCl 14d group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 compared to the B+NaCl 37d group