From: Antimicrobial resistance in Antarctica: is it still a pristine environment?
Study | Initial culture media | Antibiotic susceptibility test | Molecular analyses |
---|---|---|---|
Hernádez et al. (2012) [56] | ChromoCult® Coliform Agar ES Uniselect4 plates | Disc diffusion: EUCAST | q-RT PCR 3 primer sets Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) |
Tam et al. (2015) [30] | LB, R2A and Marine agar 2216 | Disc diffusion using prescience/absence of inhibition | Colony screening by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and 16S rDNA |
Rabbia et al. (2016) [58] | ChromoCult® Coliform Agar ES | Disc diffusion: CLSI | Fingerprint analysis using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) |
Yuan et al. (2019) [39] | LB media | Disc diffusion: CLSI | Illumina HiSeq 2000 or 2500 100bp PE |
Na et al. (2019) [47] | None | None | 16S rRNA plus qRT-PCR of 4 ARGs |
Hernández et al. (2019) [57] | ChromoCult® Coliform Agar ES | Disc diffusion: CLSI | None |
Laganà et al. (2019) [61] | Marine agar 2216 | Kirby Bauer test: EUCAST and CLSI | 16S rRNA plus restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis |
Jara et al. (2020) [51] | R2A agar | Disc diffusion: CLSI | 16S rRNA plus PCR of 20 ARGs |
Na et al. (2021) [63] | Beef extract peptone agar | Disc diffusion: CLSI | 16S rDNA plus qRT-PCR of circa 300 primer sets for ARGs |