Fig. 4
From: Effects of caloric restriction on the gut microbiome are linked with immune senescence
Colonization with human gut microbiota induces alterations of splenic immune cell subsets. A, B The heatmaps show the distribution of splenic immune lineages based on the expression of canonical lineage markers by t-SNE on pre-gated TCRß+ T cells (A) and on pre-gated TCRß−CD19−NK1.1− innate immune cells (B). The differential expression of each selected surface marker (rows) is shown for each immune cell cluster (columns). The significance levels of the comparison between the three mouse groups for each immune cell cluster are depicted by semi-supervised hierarchical clustering. The top bubbles denote clusters with significantly different abundances between the three groups. Bubble colors indicate one of the two groups being compared with higher average cellular frequencies; bubble size indicates the − log2 FDR-adjusted P-values. C Relative proportions of CD4+ (left panel) and CD8+ (right panel) naïve (Tnaïve, CD44−CD62L+), central memory (TCM, CD44+CD62L+), effector memory (TEM, CD44+CD62L−) and terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (TEMRA, CD44−CD62L−) measured by mass cytometry. T cell populations were manually gated according to established lineage markers. D–H Relative proportions of B cells (D), naïve B cells (E), “switched” memory B cells (F), NK cells (G), and activated CD62L+CD11b+ NK cells (H). n = 9 or more mice per group. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 as determined using Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test, dependent on the distribution of the data