Fig. 5

Prediction of host feed efficiency using rumen metabolites and microbe-metabolite interactions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the confusion matrix of the performance of the random forest model using the six selected metabolites (shown in red) whose mean decrease accuracy (MDA) was > 4 (A). Biplot drawn from the microbe-metabolite vectors (mmvec) conditional probabilities estimated for the dataset of high-efficiency (B) and low-efficiency (C) cows. Axes: principal components from the singular value decomposition of the microbe-metabolite conditional probabilities estimated using mmvec. Arrows: microbes, dots: metabolites, and colors of dots represent associations with host feed efficiency (blue: negative, red: positive). Heatmaps display the inferred conditional probabilities for various efficiency-associated metabolites given the presence of specific microbial taxa in the rumen of cows with high (B) and low (C) efficiencies