Fig. 2

Microbial composition in the FMT study. Microbial composition at the a phylum, b family, and c genus levels. Donor (n = 13), recipient 0 (n = 13), recipient 1 (n = 13), and recipient 7 (n = 13) in successful FMT; donor (n = 4), recipient 0 (n = 4), recipient 1 (n = 4), and recipient 7 (n = 4) in unsuccessful FMT treatment. d Alpha diversity index based on Shannon’s index and faith phylogenetic diversity. e PCoA based on the unweighted distance matrix of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence data for fecal samples (donor and recipient n numbers in successful and unsuccessful FMT are the same as those shown above). P-values (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, and *P < 0.05) indicate statistical significance in either successful or unsuccessful FMT treatment cases according to one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. P-values (^†††P < 0.001, ^††P < 0.01 and ^†P < 0.05) indicate statistical significance according to Student’s t-test