Fig. 5

African map with pie charts showing the age categories and the number of participants included in human microbiome studies per country. The size of the divisions within the pie charts corresponds to the proportion of studies that included each age category (young children (0 to 5 years), older children (6 to 17 years), and adults (≥ 18 years)). The size of the pie chart represents the cumulative number of participants from all studies conducted in the country