Table 1 Baseline and follow-up characteristics

Age (median years, min–max))

36.5 (18–45)

Male, n/total (female %)

9/20 (55%)

Diabetes duration years mean and (IQR)

14 ± 12

11 (18)

Insulin therapy mode (% MDI)

60%

Weight (kg)

76.2 ± 13.9

(n = 20)

75.8 ± 13.8

(n = 19)

77.3 ± 13.4

(n = 19)

77.1 ± 14.0

(n = 18)

Waist circumference (cm)

85.8 ± 11.5

(n = 20)

84.7 ± 11.8

(n = 19)

86.2 ± 11.6

(n = 19)

85.4 ± 11.6

(n = 18)

HbA1c (% [mmol/mol])

7.1 ± 0.6 [54 ± 7]

(n = 18)

7.0 ± 0.7 [53 ± 8]

(n = 18)

(W0 vs W6, P = 0.33)

7.3 ± 0.8 [56 ± 8]

(n = 18)

(W0 vs W12, P = 0.06)

(W6 vs W12, P < 0.001)

Daily average glucose (mmol/L)

8.8 ± 1.4

(n = 19)

9.5 ± 1.9

(n = 17)

9.6 ± 1.4

(n = 16)

Time in target range

(3.9–10.0 mmol/L) (%)

58.0 ± 15.0

(n = 19)

51.0 ± 20.0

(n = 17)

51.0 ± 15.0

(n = 16)

Time below target range (< 3.9 mmol/L) (%)

8.0 ± 6.0

(n = 19)

7.0 ± 4.0

(n =17)

7.0 ± 6.0

(n = 16)

Time above target range

(> 10.0 mmol/L) (%)

34.0 ± 16.0

(n = 19)

42.0 ± 21.0

(n =17)

41.0 ± 15.0

(n = 16)

Standard deviation of CGM blood glucose values (mmol/L)

3.5 ± 0.8

(n = 18)

3.9 ± 1.0

(n = 17)

4.0 ± 1.0

(n = 16)

Insulin total daily dose (units)

43.6 ± 15.5

(n = 20)

45.0 ± 15.0

(n = 19)

43.8 ± 15.6

(n = 18)

47.9 ± 17.9

(n = 18)

Basal insulin dose (%)

22.4 ± 7.6

(n = 20)

22.8 ± 7.0

(n = 19)

21.5 ± 7.0

(n = 18)

22.8 ± 7.0

(n = 18)

Lymphocytes (×109/L)

1.7 ± 0.4

(n = 20)

1.8 ± 0.6

(n = 19)

1.7 ± 0.5

(n = 17)