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Fig. 3 | Microbiome

Fig. 3

From: Glutamic acid reshapes the plant microbiota to protect plants against pathogens

Fig. 3

ASVs abundance at the family level of two different co-related groups relative to the lanM (grisin) copy number. Tomato plants were cultured in a plant growth chamber for 10 weeks (16 h: Light, 25 °C, 8 h: Dark, 22 °C). l-glutamic acid 50 ml (5 μg/ml) was drenched at 1 and 2 weeks and 30 ml of S. globisporus SP6C4 (107 cfu/ml) in 0.1% methylcellulose was added at the base of the plant at 4 weeks. At 5 weeks, conidia of F. oxyporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL, 105 cfu/ml) were inoculated. Rhizosphere samples were collected at 1, 3, 7, and 10 weeks and each treatment had 5 plants (n = 5, 26 independent experiments). A Distribution heatmap of microbial abundance ordered by hierarchical clustering with 16S rRNA. Heatmap color (purple to yellow) corresponds to ASVs abundance from low to high. The tree on the right was created by the Minkowski distance method. B Negative group: Caulobacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, Positive group: Bacillaceae, Burkholderiaceae. Boxes present average relative abundance with standard error of ASVs in each of six treatments at 3 week (Independent sample t test: untreated, P = 0.16; glutamic acid, P = 0.38; SP6C4, P = 0.14; FOL, P = 0.17, FOL + Glu, P = 0.29; FOL + SP6C4, P = 0.12; FOL + Glu + SP6C4, P = 0.35). C Variation in abundance of the major ASVs relative to the core microbe and wilt disease sensitivity after treatment with L–glutamic acid (5 μg/ml) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycospersici (conidia 105 cfu/ml). The relative abundance at 1 and 3 weeks before disease inoculation (n = 2, 6 independent replications) and numeric values are visualized with NOI-seq package (version 3.10). Box-and-whisker plot presenting boundaries of the rectangles indicate the 25th and 75th percent and the horizontal bars indicated the median

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