Fig. 2

Effect of F. oxysporum on bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and roots. a Shannon diversity of bacteria in bulk soil, rhizosphere, and roots of healthy and diseased plants. Asterisks indicate statistically significant (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01) differences based on analysis of variance with Dunn’s multiple comparison test. b Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of root microbial communities based on Bray-Curtis distance. Fungal pathogen infection altered the bacterial community structure. c Differences in the abundance and enrichment of bacterial genera in three compartments of healthy and diseased plants analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The enriched bacterial genera in the diseased roots and the rhizosphere were different from those in the healthy samples