Fig. 5

Waterfall plot of log fold change (natural log) of absolute abundances for differentially abundant species. A SC vs. NC at visit 1, B SC vs. NC at visit 2, C visit 2 vs. visit 1 among SC, D time to develop AIDS < 5 years/5–10 years vs. > 10 years among SCs at visit 1, and E time to develop AIDS < 5 years/5–10 years vs. > 10 years among SCs at visit 2. Data are represented by log fold change (shown as a column) ±SE (shown as error bars) derived from the ANCOM-BC model. All effect sizes with p < 0.05 are indicated as follows: *significant at 5% level of significance, **significant at 1% level of significance, and ***significant at 0.1% level of significance. Taxa in blue were also significant after multiple testing correction was as applied at FDR < 0.05. Exact p-values can be found in Supplementary Table 3