Fig. 3
From: Strain-level analysis reveals the vertical microbial transmission during the life cycle of bumblebee
Gut microbiota compositions of the queen and worker bumblebees during hibernation and early stage of nest establishment. (a) Relative phylotype-level abundance profiles for the queen and newly emerged worker samples. Queen-worker paired samples were simultaneously collected from four independent nests. (b) PCoA plot based on the Bray-Curtis distance between samples highlights the spatial clustering of samples concerning the queen-worker pairs. (c) Gut compositions are more similar for bees from the same nest as shown by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of individual workers (left), queen-worker pairs (center), and queens (right). ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; ns, not significant (Wilcoxon test)