Fig. 6
From: Polyamine metabolism links gut microbiota and testicular dysfunction
Loss of gut microbiota aggravated testicular injury. a Procedure to investigate the function of gut microbiota on TP-induced testicular injury. b Copies numbers of total bacteria in cecum content. c Polyamines levels in cecum content. d Testis index and sperm counts in epididymides. e, i mRNA level of genes related to spermatogenesis. f, h H&E staining of testis. g Procedure to validate the function of spermine derived from gut microbiota and testis index. j mRNA levels of genes encoding HSP70s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (n = 6). A: normal antibiotic treatment; Recon.: gut microbial transplantation; TP: triptolide treatment; A21: antibiotic treatment for 21 days