Fig. 4

Feces from H. diminuta-infected mice contain increase amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). A Heat-map of NMR results shows increased acetate, propionic acid and butyric acid in feces from mice infected 8 days previously with H. diminuta. B–D Separate analyses confirmed increased SCFA in feces of infected mice (paired t test, day 0 vs. 8 days post-infection). E–G Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (ABX) (see Fig. 1A) prevented the H. diminuta (H. dim) evoked increase in fecal acetate or butyrate, and a similar pattern was observed in mice treated with vancomycin (Van) or polymyxin B and neomycin (Pmx/Neo) (see Suppl. Fig. 3A,D) (data are mean ± SEM; *, p < 0.05 compared to control or between indicated groups; #, p < 0.05 compared to DNBS (di-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid, 3 mg, ir., necropsy 72 post-DNBS; H. dim, 5 cysticercoids 8 days prior to DNBS; pi, post-infection)