Fig. 2

Colonization of mice with gram-positive microbiota is sufficient to induce P-gp expression. A WT germ-free mice were colonized with cecal contents from a WT donor mouse. After 14 days, P-gp protein expression was measured in colonic tissue by western blot. N = 7–10 mice per group; ***p = 0.0005, unpaired t test. B Schematic of reconstitution by coprophagy for experiments shown in C, D. WT “donor” mice were treated with antibiotic for 7 days. AVNM-treated WT “recipient” mice were then cohoused with “donor” mice from each of the other groups for 7 days. C P-gp protein expression was measured as in A. Representative western blot is shown, each lane representing a replicate mouse within each group. An internal control (“IC”) lysate was included across multiple blots for normalization. N = 6–8 mice per group; ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. A, C Densitometry data describe samples pooled from two independent experiments. D Bray-Curtis based nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of fecal microbiota from mice in B, C. Each dot represents an individual mouse from one representative experiment, with treatment groups denoted by color: Un_R untreated recipient, Un_D untreated donor, V_R vancomycin recipient, V_D vancomycin donor, N_R neomycin recipient, N_D neomycin donor, and AVNM