Fig. 4

a Bar charts displaying the absolute abundances (target gene copy numbers) of A. fumigatus and F. solani in the soil. b Structural equation model (SEM) linking the abundances of A. fumigatus, F. solani, and FocTR4, and their relationships with the disease incidence. R², χ², and P values denote the fit of the model. BS, above-ground banana residue; BR, below-ground banana residue; PS, above-ground pineapple residue; PR, below-ground pineapple residue; and CK, control treatment without residue. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) according to Tukey’s HSD test