Fig. 7

Transplantation of DHA/EPA-altered microbiota restores glucose homeostasis (n = 5 male and n = 5 female per group). a–d Linear regression analysis of fecal glutamate/bile acids with OTUs from genera identified in the microbe–metabolite network analysis. Fecal glutamate/bile acids show strong correlations with Coriobacteriaceae (OTU19898), Barnesiella (OTU136) and Clostridium XlVa (OTU57). e–g Relative abundance of Coriobacteriaceae (OTU19898), Barnesiella (OTU136), and Clostridium XlVa (OTU57) in db/db mice after fecal transplantation. Fecal transplantation from DHA/EPA-fed mice to db/db mice was performed as described in the “Methods” section. h Body weight curves for male mice during fecal transplantation. i Body weight curves for female mice during fecal transplantation. j Serum glucose levels after fecal transplantation. k Blood HbA1c levels. l Serum insulin levels. m Fecal l-glutamic acid levels. n Fecal 2-oxoglutaric acid levels. o mRNA expression of GLT1 in the pancreas. p Apoptosis of β cell normalized to the db/db group. q Fecal TCDCA levels. r Fecal TCA/TMCA levels. s Fecal CA/MCA levels. t Fecal CDCA levels. u Fecal DCA levels. v Hepatic mRNA expression of FXR, SHP, PEPCK, and G6PC. Groups with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)