Fig. 5

DHA/EPA influences bile acid metabolism and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis. a Schematic overview of the differential metabolites involved in bile acid metabolism (n = 5 male and n = 5 female per group). Red circle represents upregulated metabolites, blue circle represents downregulated metabolites, and open circle represents no change. Microbial gene encoding BSH (K01442) was upregulated by DHA/EPA. b Hepatic PEPCK concentrations. c Hepatic G6PC concentrations. d Hepatic GP concentrations. e, f Hepatic mRNA expression of FXR, SHP, FOXO1, and HNF4. g Representative hepatic immunoblots for FXR, SHP, p-FOXO1, and t-FOXO1. Groups with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)