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Fig. 3 | Microbiome

Fig. 3

From: Commensal microbe-derived acetate suppresses NAFLD/NASH development via hepatic FFAR2 signalling in mice

Fig. 3

Acetate administered in the diet protects against NAFLD development. Mice were fed an HFC control diet (HFC), or HFC supplemented with high-amylose maize starch esterified with acetate (HAMSA), propionate (HAMSP) or butyrate (HAMSB) for 8 weeks (a) or 20 weeks (b–g). a Concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the faeces after 8 weeks consuming diets (HFC, n = 8; HAMSA, n = 9; HAMSP, n = 9; HAMSB = 9). b Body mass. c Liver to body mass ratio. d Epididymal adipose tissue to body mass ratio. e Quantification of plasma cholesterol. f Representative Masson’s trichrome staining of livers. Scale bar: 50 μm; black arrows show fibrosis, black arrowheads show hepatocyte ballooning. g Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. Each point in a–e represents an individual mouse (thick bars, means; error bars, SEM; b–e and g, HFC, n = 8; HAMSA, n = 9; HAMSP, n = 6; HAMSB = 6. Data are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 on ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (a–e) or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Steel-Dwass test (g)

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