Fig. 7

Multivariate associations of the gut microbiota with immune and clinical parameters in HSCT. A Clustered image map (CIM) based on sparse partial least squares (sPLS) regression analysis (dimensions 1, 2, and 3) displaying pairwise correlations > 0.3/< − 0.3 between ASVs (bottom) and continuous immune and clinical parameters (right). Red indicates a positive correlation, and blue indicates a negative correlation, respectively. Based on the sPLS regression model, hierarchical clustering (clustering method: complete linkage, distance method: Pearson’s correlation) was performed resulting in the three depicted clusters. B Canonical correspondence analysis (CCpnA) relating gut microbial abundances (circles) to continuous (arrows) and categorical (+) immune and clinical parameters. ASVs and variables with at least one correlation > 0.3/< − 0.3 in the sPLS analysis were included in the CCpnA. The triplot shows variables and ASVs with a score > 0.3/< − 0.3 on at least one of the first three CCpnA axes, displayed on axis 1 versus 2 with samples depicted as triangles. The colored ellipses (depicted with 80% confidence interval) correspond to the clusters of ASVs identified by the sPLS-based hierarchical clustering. Antibiotics are indicated in blue font color. Abbreviations not mentioned in text: ATGmm, anti-thymocyte globulin; B_, blood; BU, busulfan; CY, cyclophosphamide; DonorMatch6, matched unrelated donor; FLU_other, fludarabine combinations without thiotepa; GvHD.Prophylaxis1, treatment with cyclosporine; GvHD.Prophylaxis7, treatment with cyclosporine and methotrexate; immat_B, immature B cells; K_d100, Karnofsky score on day +100; K_pre, Karnofsky score before HSCT; m1, month+1; m3, month +3; m6, month +6; m12, month +12; mat_B, mature B cells; MEL, melphalan; total_B, total B cells; P_, plasma; parasitic, parasitic infection; pre_cond, before conditioning start; pre_exam, preexamination; THIO, thiotepa; viral, viral infection; VP16, etoposide