Fig. 2

GIT functional and taxonomic variability in ruminants. a PCoA plot based on the relative abundances of genera and COGs. The colors and shapes of the symbols indicate regions and species, respectively. Bray-Curtis distances associated with regions and species are shown as box plots (Wilcoxon rank-sum test; ***P < 0.001). The horizontal lines indicate medians, and the whiskers indicate the lowest and highest points within 1.5× the interquartile ranges of the lower and upper quartiles, respectively. RUM, rumen; RET, reticulum; OMA, omasum; ABO, abomasum; DUO, duodenum; JEJ, jejunum; ILE, ileum; CEC, cecum; COL, colon; REC, rectum. b Variability in taxonomic and functional differences explained by regions and species. c Bray-Curtis dissimilarities were assessed by analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). d Relative abundances of major phyla and COG categories across GIT samples. A, RNA processing and modification; B, chromatin structure and dynamics; C, energy production and conversion; D, cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning; E, amino acid transport and metabolism; F, nucleotide transport and metabolism; G, carbohydrate transport and metabolism; H, coenzyme transport and metabolism; I, lipid transport and metabolism; J, translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis; K, transcription; L, replication, recombination and repair; M, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis; N, cell motility; O, posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones; P, inorganic ion transport and metabolism; Q, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism; R, general function prediction only; S, function unknown; T, signal transduction mechanisms; U, intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport; V, defense mechanisms; W, extracellular structures; Y, nuclear structure; Z, cytoskeleton