Fig. 6

Specific microbial taxa likely associated with differences between the treatment groups. a Linear discriminant analysis effect size of samples after the final DSS administration. b Positive and negative correlation matrix between the top 20 most abundant bacterial taxa. Results of a pairwise Spearman’s rank correlation after the final DSS administration are shown. Correlations with P values less than 0.05 are marked with asterisk symbols and adjusted P values less than 0.05 by the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR method are colored black. Related genera based on Euclidean distance were clustered together. Red, positive correlation; blue, negative correlation. Uncultured (unc) or unassigned (una) genera were labeled with the initials of their family names, [M], [L], and [R] represent Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae, respectively. c Scatterplot with Spearman’s rank correlations between the relative abundances of six genera and Shannon indices. Those with significant P values in b are shown in c. d Quantification of the number of cells for Akkermansia and Turicibacter as measured by quantitative PCR in fecal samples on day 68 after the final DSS treatment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. e Discriminative functional pathway abundant between control versus PP*-P8, PP* versus PP*-P8, and control versus 5-FU