Fig. 1

Absence of gut microbiota significantly alters PXR target-gene expression in the liver. a Five publicly available gene expression datasets comparing the livers of germ-free (GF) vs. conventional (Conv.) mice were selected. b Pathway enrichment analysis and c transcription-factor enrichment analysis performed on the genes overexpressed in GF vs. Conv mice. d Venn diagram showing the number of genes overexpressed in GF vs. Conv male mice. e Pathway enrichment analysis and f transcription factor enrichment analysis performed on the genes underexpressed in GF vs. Conv. mice. g Venn diagram showing the number of genes underexpressed in GF vs. Conv male mice. h–j Confirmation of transcriptomic signature of PXR activation was obtained by comparing the hepatic transcriptome of WT vs. Pxr^-/- mice treated with PCN, the pharmacological agonist of PXR. i Pathway enrichment analysis on the genes overexpressed in PCN-treated vs. vehicle WT mice, but not in PCN-treated vs. vehicle Pxr^-/- mice. j Hepatic genes with the most significant fold change upon PCN treatment in WT mice. Pathways, transcription factors and genes related to drug and xenobiotic processing are framed in red