Fig. 1

Overview of sample characteristics and identified taxa. a Sample distribution by project. b Sample distribution by age group. c Sample distribution by gender. d Distribution of read pairs matching any species-level taxa by project. e Distribution of read pairs matching any species-level taxa by sample type. f Distribution of total reads per sample, analyzed unmapped reads per sample, and non-phiX174 taxon-mapped reads per sample (non-phiX174 taxon-mapped reads per sample not shown for 365 samples as none were detected). g Species-level taxa detected in at least 10 samples color-coded by project. h Detection of Escherichia coli and Propionibacterium acnes color-coded by project. i Average read pairs per billion (RPPB) detected across all species-level taxa by project and sample type. Bars show mean of samples and error bars show standard error of mean. j Average RPPB detected by species-level taxa and sample type. Average RPPB detected for all filtered species-level taxa identified as likely tumor-linked by sample type. Filtered species-level taxa identified as likely tumor-linked color-coded by project. *, tumor tissue samples were all primary solid tumor biopsy material for all projects with the following exceptions: CLL-ES, where tumor tissue samples were blood-derived CLL cells; CMDI-UK, where 3 tumor tissue samples were bone-marrow-derived and 29 samples blood-derived; LAML-KR, where all 12 tumor tissue samples were bone-marrow-derived; PACA-AU, where 1 tumor tissue sample was cell-line-derived; and 96 solid tumor biopsy material and PRAD-UK, where 4 samples were cancerous lymph nodes, 1 sample was a metastatic lesion, and 28 samples were solid tumor biopsy material.**, matched normal samples were all blood-derived for CLL-ES, LINC-JP, ORCA-IN, PRAD-CA, and RECA-EU, all matched non-cancerous tissue derived for BTCA-SG, LICA-FR, and PAEN-IT, a mix between blood-derived and matched non-cancerous tissue for BOCA-UK (69 vs. 7), BRCA-UK (44 vs. 1), ESAD-UK (87 vs. 10), LIRI-JP (250 vs. 6), PACA-AU (3 vs. 94), PACA-CA (55 vs. 68), and PAEN-AU (5 vs. 44), a mix between blood-derived and buccal cell-derived for CMDI-UK (31 vs. 1), a mix between blood-derived and EBV immortalized cell-line-derived for OV-AU (59 vs. 14), and a mix between blood-derived and cancer-free lymph node derived for PRAD-UK (23 vs.10). For some samples, the source tissue was not specified (BRCA-UK (n = 1), LAML-KR (n = 1), and PACA-CA (n = 24). ***, all healthy donor samples are blood-derived