Fig. 5

Changes in eukaryotic gut microbes during the first years of life. a Age at collection in the DIABIMMUNE three-country cohort for samples with no eukaryote or with any of the four most frequently observed eukaryotic families. b The mean age at collection of samples from individuals with no observed eukaryotes compared to the mean age at collection of individuals where one of three eukaryotic families were detected. Individuals where more than one eukaryotic family was detected are excluded. Malasseziaceae is excluded due to low sample size. Group comparisons were performed with an unpaired Wilcoxon rank-sum test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. c Model of eukaryotic succession in the first years of life. Debaryomycetaceae species predominate during the first 2 years of life, but are also detected later. Blastocystidae species and Saccharomycetaceae species predominate after the first 2 years of life, though they are detected as early as the second year of life. Malasseziaceae species do not change over time