Fig. 3
From: The association between obesity and weight loss after bariatric surgery on the vaginal microbiota
Pro-inflammatory local vaginal cytokine expression is increased in obesity. a Expression levels (log10) of seven cytokines measured among non-obese and obese women in the baseline cohort. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ and MIP-1α all showed significantly increased expression among obese women (p<0.001). Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 also had increased significance in obese women (p<0.001). b Expression of seven local cervicovaginal cytokine levels (log10) according to obesity status and species diversity (non-parametric Shannon indices). As the diversity of vaginal bacterial species increases, there is a significant increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8, dependent on obesity status