Fig. 3

Effect of FMT on fecal microbiota composition in recipients. a Change in Shannon and Chao1 alpha diversity indices compared to day 0. For donors, the change was calculated using the mean of the FMT group. b Principal coordinate analysis of Bray-Curtis distance. PC1, PC2, and PC3 represent the top three principal coordinates that captured most of the variance. Arrows connect samples from the same patient before (day 0) and 6 weeks after FMT or sham. Two different view angles of the same PCoA plot are shown for clarity. Groups were compared using the ANOSIM method (9999 permutations). c Sorensen similarity index between donor and recipient fecal microbiota 6 weeks after FMT or sham. Red dots are considered as “FMT failure.” For the sham group, the mean of the Sorensen with each donor was indicated. d Evolution of Sorensen similarity index between donor and recipient fecal microbiota. e, f Proportion of different OTUs absent in samples before FMT or sham (W2 and D0) and present after FMT or sham. For a, d, and f, two-way Anova with q < 0.1, according to a Benjamini-Hochberg FDR, was used. For c, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001