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Table 1 List of the twenty emulsifiers used

From: Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota

Emulsifier agent

E number

Manufacturer

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, average MW~250,000)

466

Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)

Polysorbate 80 (P80)

433

Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)

Soy lecithin

322

Modernist Pantry LLC (Eliot, ME, USA)

Sunflower lecithin

322

Swanson Health Products (Fargo, ND, USA)

Maltodextrin

1400

Bulk Supplements (Henderson, NV, USA)

Propylene glycol alginate

405

Modernist Pantry LLC (Eliot, ME, USA)

Iota carrageenan

407

Modernist Pantry (York, ME, USA)

Kappa carrageenan

407

Modernist Pantry (York, ME, USA)

Lambda carrageenan

407

Modernist Pantry LLC (Eliot, ME, USA)

Xantham gum

415

Judee's Gluten Free (OH, USA)

Gum arabic

414

Frontier Co-op (Norway, IA, USA)

Guar gum

412

Now Foods (Bloomingdale, IL, USA)

Locust bean gum

410

Modernist Pantry LLC (Eliot, ME, USA)

Agar agar

406

ScrapCooking (France)

Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono- and diglycerides (DATEM)

472e

Modernist Pantry LLC (Eliot, ME, USA)

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC, average MW~90,000)

464

Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)

Sorbitan monostearate

491

Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA)

Mono- and diglycerides

471

Modernist Pantry LLC (Eliot, ME, USA)

Glyceryl Stearate

471

Lonza Inc (Allendale, NJ, USA)

Glyceryl Oleate

471

Lonza Inc (Allendale, NJ, USA)