Fig. 2

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the skin microbiome. a Sankey diagram depicting the distribution of the top 10 antibiotic resistance bacteria ranked by the ARG abundance. The height of the rectangles indicates the relative abundance of the ARGs in the skin site (left) and species (right), different sites and species are indicated in different colors. Fh forehead, Ck cheek, Ns nose, Ea external auditory canal, Ra retroarticular crease, Oc occiput, Ba back, Mb manubrium, Na nare, Ac antecubital fossa, Id interdigital web, Pc popliteal fossa, Ic inguinal crease, Vf volar forearm, Hp hypothenar palm, Tw toe webspace, Tn toenail, Ph plantar heel. b Box plot comparing the relative abundance of ARGs in different body sites from Han Chinese and Americans. Venn diagram showing the ARG numbers in Chinese and Americans. c Box plot showing the relative ARG abundance of the top 10 antibiotic resistance bacteria ranked by ARG abundance. The exact number of ARGs in the species is noted in the brackets. d Principal component analysis demonstrating the patterns of ARG profile in different skin environments in Chinese and Americans. The PERMANOVA test was used to determine significance. e Sankey diagram depicting the distribution pattern of different resistance mechanisms deployed within a skin site. The rectangle’s area represents the relative abundance of ARGs in the sites or involved in the antibiotic resistance mechanisms. f Principal component analysis demonstrating the patterns of ARG profile in same skin sites and age ranges in Chinese and Americans. The PERMANOVA test was used to determine significance