Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a novel model to study the relationship between the avian microbiome and microbial endocrinology-based host-microbe interactions

Lyte, Joshua M.; Keane, James; Eckenberger, Julia; Anthony, Nicholas; Shrestha, Sandip; Marasini, Daya; Daniels, Karrie M.; Caputi, Valentina; Donoghue, Annie M.; Lyte, Mark

doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00962-2

Table 1 Jejunal neurochemical concentrations of (HS)- and low (LS)-stress responsive Japanese quail before and after handling

From: Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a novel model to study the relationship between the avian microbiome and microbial endocrinology-based host-microbe interactions

Chemical	HS quail				LS quail
Chemical	Control	0 min	30 min	60 min	Control	0 min	30 min	60 min
Norepinephrine	3.078 ± 0.435	3.077 ± 0.519	2.670 ± 0.383	2.539 ± 0.343	3.869 ± 0.627	2.697 ± 0.420	3.050 ± 0.558	2.936 ± 0.462
Epinephrine	ND	0.055 ± 0.055	ND	0.087 ± -0.087	0.168 ± 0.075	0.165 ± 0.080	0.065 ± 0.065	ND
Serotonin	8.872 ± 0.476	13.957 ± 0.933^a	10.786 ± 1.093	12.972 ± 1.370^a	9.210 ± 0.968	10.564 ± 0.874^b	9.083 ± 0.681	10.724 ± 0.572
Salsolinol	0.217 ± 0.093	0.294 ± 0.127	0.335 ± 0.107	0.290 ± 0.126	0.057 ± 0.039	0.139 ± 0.065	0.055 ± 0.037	0.084 ± 0.044
HVA	0.025 ± 0.023	0.002 ± 0.002	0.059 ± 0.040	ND	0.010 ± 0.010	0.006 ± 0.006	0.007 ± 0.006	ND
5-HIAA	0.493 ± 0.036	0.554 ± 0.031	0.412 ± 0.044	0.437 ± 0.046	0.374 ± 0.056	0.442 ± 0.019	0.358 ± 0.035	0.354 ± 0.051
Dopamine	0.367 ± 0.094	0.359 ± 0.110	0.396 ± 0.088	0.459 ± 0.102	0.205 ± 0.074	0.130 ± 0.043	0.189 ± 0.064	0.178 ± 0.056
DOPAC	0.150 ± 0.064	0.199 ± 0.091	0.311 ± 0.057	0.270 ± 0.071	0.151 ± 0.064	0.136 ± 0.051	0.127 ± 0.048	0.141 ± 0.054
L-Dopa	0.333 ± 0.110	0.336 ± 0.103	0.344 ± 0.080	0.478 ± 0.106	0.396 ± 0.077	0.371 ± 0.073	0.355 ± 0.076	0.396 ± 0.080
Histamine	22.688 ± 1.615	23.988 ± 2.056	19.824 ± 0.571	21.770 ± 1.280	8.605 ± 1.030^b	6.352 ± 0.974^b	8.179 ± 1.493^b	6.068 ± 0.459^b
L-histidine	26.006 ± 1.963	14.806 ± 1.189	13.596 ± 1.457	15.500 ± 1.410	39.914 ± 10.298	34.349 ± 14.959	18.093 ± 2.184	15.060 ± 1.721^a
Unknown #1	0.006 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.002	0.005 ± 0.001	0.008 ± 0.002	0.005 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.001	0.004 ± 0.001
Unknown #2	0.006 ± 0.001	0.011 ± 0.003	0.006 ± 0.002	0.006 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.002	0.007 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001

Values are μg of chemical per g of tissue except for Unknowns #1 and #2 which are μA per g of tissue. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 12 quail/group). Quail were or were not (control) subjected to 15 min of handling stress and allowed to recover for 0 min, 30 min, or 60 min following stress before sacrifice, and data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s or Sidak post hoc test as described in the “Methods” section
ND not detectable, 5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, DOPAC 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HVA homovanillic acid, UNKN #1 Unknown #1, UNKN #2 Unknown #2
^aSignificant difference (p < 0.05) of group compared to respective control group within a row; comparisons do not indicate high- vs low-stress quail
^bSignificant difference (p < 0.05) between the same respective group of HS and LS line quails within a row; comparisons do indicate HS vs LS quail

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ISSN: 2049-2618

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