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Table 1 Predicted KEGG functional pathway differences at level 2 inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequences using PICRUSt after chronic HFFD diet with or without β-glucan supplementation

From: β-glucan attenuates cognitive impairment via the gut-brain axis in diet-induced obese mice

KO functional categories

     

Level_1

Level_2

Con mean% (SD%)

HFFD mean% (SD%)

HFBG mean% (SD%)

Con vs HFFD p value

HFBG vs HFFD p value

Cellular processes

Cell motility

3.491 (0.316)

4.891 (0.530)

3.084 (1.207)

0.008

_

Cellular processes

Cell growth and death

0.583 (0.013)

0.559 (0.026)

0.596 (0.055)

_

0.019

Cellular processes

Transport and catabolism

0.585 (0.042)

0.419 (0.028)

0.626 (0.065)

0.008

0.016

Genetic information processing

Translation

6.214 (0.205)

5.767 (0.271)

6.503 (0.645)

_

0.032

Genetic information processing

Transcription

3.149 (0.085)

3.526 (0.108)

2.943 (0.388)

0.015

_

Genetic information processing

Folding, sorting, and degradation

2.675 (0.074)

2.475 (0.157)

2.778 (0.333)

_

0.016

Environmental information processing

Signal transduction

2.123 (0.083)

2.694 (0.130)

2.000 (0.328)

0.012

0.032

Metabolism

Amino acid metabolism

11.09 (0.226)

10.490 (0.370)

11.311 (0.750)

_

0.032

Metabolism

Energy metabolism

6.565 (0.169)

6.134 (0.325)

6.812 (0.684)

_

0.016

Metabolism

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins

4.793 (0.117)

4.618 (0.177)

4.915 (0.404)

_

0.016

Metabolism

Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism

3.402 (0.204)

2.666 (0.137)

3.592 (0.430)

0.008

0.016

Metabolism

Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism

1.787 (0.051)

1.929 (0.028)

1.724 (0.087)

0.016

0.001

Human diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases

0.175 (0.007)

0.181 (0.008)

0.172 (0.004)

0.027

0.032

Organismal systems

Environmental adaptation

0.186 (0.011)

0.218 (0.005)

0.177 (0.015)

0.016

0.032

Cellular processes

Cell motility

3.491 (0.316)

4.891 (0.530)

3.084 (1.207)

0.008

_

Cellular processes

Cell growth and death

0.583 (0.013)

0.559 (0.026)

0.596 (0.055)

_

0.019

  1. Note: Data are given as mean% (SD%). KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, PICRUSt Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States, KO KEGG Ortholog, SD standard deviation