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Fig. 4 | Microbiome

Fig. 4

From: Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status

Fig. 4

Gut microbial associations with circulating testosterone concentrations. (a) Significant gut bacterial families predicting plasma testosterone levels in humans identified by O-PLS modeling. (b) Permutation tests for the goodness-of-fit (R2Y) and goodness of prediction (Q2Y) for the O-PLS model between bacterial families and circulating testosterone concentrations in humans. (c) Volcano plot of gut bacterial families associated with testosterone levels identified by DESeq2, adjusting for age and obesity status. For each family, the fold change and the Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p values (pFDR) are plotted. Significant families (gray dashed line: pFDR < 0.05; red dashed line: pFDR < 0.1) are colored according to phylum. (d) Experimental design for the fecal microbiota transplantation study in mice. Fecal samples from 22 human donors (11 men and 11 women) were transplanted to 22 mice after 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment. After 28 days of colonization gavage, mice fecal samples were collected and analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. (e) Principal component analysis score plot based on recipient’s mice bacterial families colored according to human donor sex and menopause status. Overall differences in the microbiome composition were assessed by PERMANOVA using 1000 permutations and Euclidean distances. Pairwise differences between groups were assessed using the pairwise.adonis function adjusted for Bonferroni correction. **p < 0.01. (f) Significant recipient’s mice bacterial families predicting human donor circulating testosterone levels identified by partial Spearman correlation adjusted by age and obesity status

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