Fig. 3

Gender and menopausal status differences in gonadal steroids. (a) Goodnessoffit (R²Y), goodness of prediction (Q²Y), and permutation tests for the O-PLS-DA model predicting the sex and menopause status from the circulating gonadal steroid levels. (b, c) Principal component analysis score plots for the plasma levels of gonadal steroids colored according to the gender group. (d) Boxplots for the concentrations of progestin, (e) androgens, and (f) estrogens converted to base 10 logarithmic values. Differences among groups were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test, and pair-wise comparisons were assessed by Wilcoxon test. Significant differences are highlighted in bold