Fig. 2

Associations of gut microbiota functionality with gender and menopause status. (a) Fold change for the significant differential KEGG pathways between pre-menopausal women and men, and (b) pre- and post-menopausal women, identified by DESeq2 adjusting for age and obesity status. Bars are colored according to the Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p values (pFDR). (c) Spearman correlation heatmap among the abundance of identified KEGG pathways and plasma concentrations of gonadal steroids. Clustering was based on Euclidean distances and Ward linkage. Significance: +, < 0.05; ++, < 0.01; +++,< 0.001. Significant associations after adjusting for age, obesity, and sex are highlighted with a black box