Fig. 5

Species-level taxonomic and KO analysis of potential functions fof the skin microbiota based on metagenomics sequencing. a Bacterial, viral, and fungal species distribution of 32 individuals. In cases where bars were not present, the corresponding domains were not detected in the samples according to the classification methods employed. Sample names on x-axis are colored based on whether they come from individuals from the lowest (Group 1, turquoise) or highest (Group 8, brown) of PAH exposure groups. b Correlation network depicting significant associations between city, skin site and/or PAH exposure levels to the relative abundance of species. Blue and red edges represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. Species in red indicate those considered to be part of the commensal skin flora. The thickness of edges represent the magnitude of correlation. Additional file 15: Table S8 shows the correlation magnitude and q values for all significant taxonomic associations, including those with additional host factors not shown here. c Number of KO gene families showing significant correlations with exposure to different PAHs. d Correlation network showing significant correlations between city, skin site and/or PAH exposure levels to the relative abundance of KOs of selected pathways. Blue and red edges represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. The thickness of edges represent the magnitude of correlation. Additional file 16: Table S9 shows the correlation magnitude and q values for all significant functional associations, including those with additional host factors not shown here. For both taxonomic and functional analyses, FDR-adjusted p value (q value) ≤ 0.25 is considered significant as determined by MaAsLin2