Fig. 4From: Bacteria pathogens drive host colonic epithelial cell promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancerIn vitro effects of F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi on DNMT expression and activity. aF. nucleatum and H. hathewayi co-incubation increased the global DNA methylation (5-mC) levels in NCM460, HCT116, and HT29 cell lines. b–c RT-qPCR and Western blots confirmed that the mRNA and protein expression of DNMTs were positively regulated by F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi. d Nuclear DNMT3A activity was induced by F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi. Results in a to d show the average responses obtained from 3 independent experiments (n = 3 in each experiment). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01;*** P < 0.001; significantly different between the indicated groupsBack to article page