Fig. 4

IPA protects against radiation toxicity in mouse models without accelerating tumor growth. a Kaplan-Meier analysis of female mice in the three groups after 7.2 Gy TBI, n = 30 per group. *P < 0.05 by log-rank test between IPA and TBI groups. b, c Photographs of dissected the thymuses and spleens from female mice in the three groups, and the thymuses and spleens were obtained at day 15 after 4 Gy TBI. n = 12 per group. d White blood cell (WBC) counts in PB from female mice were measured at 15 days after 4 Gy TBI. The data were presented as means ± SEM (n = 12 per group). Significant differences between each two cohorts are indicated: ***P < 0.005; Student’s t test. e Photographs of dissected colon from female mice in the three groups, and the colon tissues were obtained at day 21 after 12 Gy TAI. n = 12 per group. f–h The expression levels of Pgk1 (f), IL-6 (g), and Nrf2 (h) were examined in the small intestine tissues by qRT-PCR. The small intestine tissues were obtained at day 21 after 12 Gy TAI. Mean ± SEM. Significant differences between each two cohorts are indicated: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.005; Student’s t test, n = 12 per group. i, j The growth images of HCT-8 and ME-180 cells in nude mice administrated with IPA and local radiation. k, l The growth curve of HCT-8 and ME-180 cells in nude mice administrated with IPA and local radiation. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from 7 mice. Statistically significant differences between each two cohorts are indicated: ***P < 0.001; Student’s t test. m The expressions of Ki-67 were examined by immunohistochemistry staining in HCT-8 and ME-180 tumor tissues from nude mice