Fig. 4From: A powerful microbial group association test based on the higher criticism analysis for sparse microbial association signalsThe Q-Q plots between the expected and observed quantiles for uHC and wHC, respectively. a The association between the respiratory tract microbiome and smoking status. b The association between the infant’s gut microbiome and delivery mode. Blue dots represent individual OTUs and a red diagonal line represents no influential points. Darker to lighter vertical lines represent more to less influential OTUs in rank order among the 10 most influential OTUs that correspond to the 10 largest deviations from the red diagonal line. The asterisk represents the p values for all the individual (i.e., uHC(h)’s and wHC(h)’s for h ∈ {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}) and omnibus (i.e., uHCA, wHCA, and MiHC) higher criticism tests and the Simes testBack to article page