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Table 1 DNA sequence reads for twenty-four authenticated commensal IM taxa detected in the BRS palaeo-faecal specimen. Statistically significant (i.e. verified ancient) C-T p values are indicated in bold. BWA mapping was performed using high-quality filtered reads for DNA damage estimation analyses using PMDtools (‘C-T p- values’) (see the ‘Methods’ section). Additional read-length information for individual taxa is provided in Table S5

From: Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

Phylum

Genus

E-LPC reads

BWA aligned (mapped) sequence reads

Mean read length (bp)

C-T p values

BRS1 SC1

BRS2

BRS3

BRS4

BRS5 SC2

Total

Total %

BRS IM total

BRS IM %

BRS1 SC1

BRS2

BRS3

BRS4

BRS5 SC2

Euryarchaeota

Methanobrevibacter

19

7

1952

1109

29147

69

32303

4.67

32208

4.68

70.60

0.193028900

0.073998830

0.002632932

0.567650800

Actinobacteria

Cellulomonas

0

65

3445

1626

54666

143

59945

8.67

59737

8.68

66.60

0.921500700

0.002823314

0.153993200

0.006118848

0.509736300

Slackia

0

5

89

29

1343

8

1474

0.21

1461

0.21

61.80

0.007399490

0.935197800

0.311623400

0.508960500

Bacteroidetes

Alistipes

2

4

139

46

1069

15

1275

0.18

1254

0.18

65.40

0.675706100

0.420822200

0.053055550

0.031112450

0.606658100

Bacteroides

5

114

28316

10115

115446

162

154158

22.30

153877

22.36

72.20

0.721165000

0.001696204

0.000000390

0.000622655

0.142918300

Flavobacterium

32

58

6986

3125

33452

72

43725

6.33

43563

6.33

64.40

0.216522900

0.000235190

0.000039500

0.022810540

0.921151200

Pedobacter

1

23

1656

715

9663

19

12077

1.75

12034

1.75

62.80

0.500000000

0.001704170

0.075530930

0.062391830

0.161709000

Prevotella

17

48

418

184

3712

43

4422

0.64

4314

0.63

61.00

0.099233850

0.305674400

0.081571890

0.016625350

0.631959800

Firmicutes

Blautia

15

72

276

124

3640

111

4238

0.61

4040

0.59

68.20

0.608740100

0.084446270

0.428864300

0.045772080

0.245663300

Butyrivibrio

0

8

325

127

3082

6

3548

0.51

3534

0.51

58.20

0.395839900

0.037614750

0.109365700

0.273060200

0.580047400

Clostridium

4

148

2671

1304

29948

135

34210

4.95

33923

4.93

65.80

0.074740200

0.296300200

0.190844300

0.015163840

0.360285900

Enterococcus

1

156

553

298

7427

20

8455

1.22

8278

1.20

74.60

0.003765520

0.333696100

0.022915900

0.274913800

Eubacterium

0

40

697

296

9029

51

10113

1.46

10022

1.46

65.80

0.106194500

0.004360991

0.056443760

0.024325710

0.246347100

Lactobacillus

0

143

0

259

6728

14

7144

1.03

6987

1.02

69.00

0.157217100

0.011884140

0.903384000

Lactococcus

12

118

595

361

6219

14

7319

1.06

7175

1.04

69.60

0.463765800

0.006836895

0.033206520

0.000000013

Mogibacterium

0

7

176

76

2116

5

2380

0.34

2368

0.34

68.60

0.499997800

0.228221200

0.019403830

0.008329356

0.188080100

Oribacterium

1

12

170

72

2018

2

2275

0.33

2260

0.33

64.60

0.167621400

0.050161290

0.349725600

0.000162173

Oscillibacter

0

7

165

91

1787

12

2062

0.30

2043

0.30

63.00

0.120518600

0.009668940

0.349725600

0.095004240

0.072742730

Ruminococcus

18

42

1119

464

9229

100

10972

1.59

10812

1.57

67.40

0.271433200

0.048583730

0.738132500

0.001960024

0.300862800

Sarcina

0

3

508

202

327

2

1042

0.15

1037

0.15

67.00

0.413740500

0.018963150

0.025439260

Proteobacteria

Enterobacter

0

145

41220

14798

181051

205

237419

34.34

237069

34.45

71.80

0.004146302

0.000377506

0.000009640

0.001112472

0.132896300

Klebsiella

14

21

3485

1217

15633

72

20442

2.96

20335

2.96

70.00

0.529037900

0.001153996

0.001264576

0.000436448

0.921151200

Sphingobium

0

36

1023

458

8330

84

9931

1.44

9811

1.43

65.80

0.126796900

0.132801100

0.045433740

0.000753091

0.602973600

Variovorax

0

112

2099

878

16970

315

20374

2.95

19947

2.90

69.60

0.259295700

0.005879342

0.057844450

0.020613870

0.171048100

Total

141

1394

98083

37974

552032

1679

691303

100.00

688089

100.00

66.83